Food and Tradition Essay

Culture has been existence since the time man came on the earth. Many ethnic groups have their own ways of living. Due to the new technologies and globalization, culture of many societies and families have been affected and altered in one way or the other. Some of the cultural traditions, practices, values and beliefs, values and virtues have faded away never to be heard again in within this new era with new generations. The roots of culture originate from families and clan. So the life styles are now being influenced from their fundamental points of source. This is not saying that culture will come to an end. Several families, clans which grow up to make communities and ethnic groups have struggled to this very far to preserve their culture. The survival of such cultural activities has created major concern over the last few decades. Most people have recently aroused the interest in cultural practices and this has contributed a lot to the tourism industry in our home country. Thousands of tourists are visiting our country entirely to watch over the oldest plays and cultural activities as well as to enjoy our traditional foods during such cultural occasions. This has resulted in dynamic, creative cultural practices of the oldest periods of our fore fathers. Food is something which is taken in the lightest manner possible by the new generations which we have in the entire world. They simply term it as nourishment that sustains growth or furnishes energy or does both to our bodies. They feebly attach much concentration on other importance of food other than the above. They have not known how much it contributes to the social and cultural welfare throughout our life. The role of various foods has deeper implications which are more than satisfying our hungers and other physical requirements. It may structures families schedules or it provide social activities which nurtures the family relation ships as people from one family interacts among themselves or with other family members. To a larger extend, it is used as a representation of certain ethnic identities. Thus, food is used in as part of family cerebrations or ceremonies as well as in our rituals. I as an indigenous person who hails from the northern parts of china, we have varieties of food stuffs. This ranges from the simplest agricultural products both from land cultivations and livestock. Although, the place has no reliable and sustainable rainfalls, many families produce farm products of horticultural natural through irrigation methods. Some of the produces includes vegetables and fruit, cabbages, squashes, pears grapes and apples. From livestock, they are vast lands in which people keep sheep for mutton and lamb. Generally, it is rare to get pork in such a place. This seems to have been influenced by the religion of the people. Most of the inhabitants are Muslims; hence they forbid the practice of taking pork. Pork is seriously fear by this people. The belief the eating of pork is like eating of the fresh of ones supreme being. So, the utilization of food is a very important part of the processes of life. Sometimes we fail to appreciate that food is more than just fundamental. The only other action that we connect in that is of analogous importance to our lives and to the life of our species is a sexual characteristic. But these two activities are quite different. The range of variations is substantially wider in food than in sex. In fact, the importance of food in understanding human culture lies precisely in its infinite inconsistency. For endurance needs, all men everywhere could eat the same food measured only in calories. However, people are of different backgrounds and eat very differently. Chinese eat varieties of foods in their meals which are characterized by quite notable flexibility and adaptabilities. The mixture of different meals in their ingredients remains to be distinctive in the appearance and tastes as well as the flavours. This varies from one cultural activity to another. During the festive occasion of circumcision, children are circumcised to graduate from their childhood to youthful hood. At this particular occasion, people use legume in higher quantities. This includes soybeans, broadens, pea nut and mung beans. They are used to make rapid healing of the wounds. It is also necessary to take bitter spices such as garlic and cinnamons which acts as reminder of the bitter activity they have gone through. (Gernet, 1962) Apart from circumcision ceremonies, many families do not eat meat products during the periods of tragedy such as death. In our culture, meat products are as result of shedding blood to the ground. Shedding of blood is one the acts which are sternly against the practices of our traditions. So, at such time of mourning, people cease from using the meat products which results from blood shed of animals. They believe that this is a sign of maintain peace with their super natural being. Once we eat such products, it like we are provoking the anger of the supreme nature. Thus, the common meals that are taken contain foods full of starch. Reference: Gernet, J. (1962): Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion: Stanford University Press

Deborah Tannen’s Theory Essay

In contemporary society biological factors are no longer the sole components that distinguish men and women. Rather anything from clothing or hairstyles to make-up or accessories can indicate specific messages about an individual. According to Deborah Tannen, women are more frequently considered marked beings in our society while men have fewer clothing or style options and are therefore free to remain unmarked. Although Tannen argues that it is possible for men to remain purely â€Å"unmarked† her assertions do not hold up well in a changing world. Because the term â€Å"marked† is a social construction, it is not possible to remain completely unmarked, as styles and trends repeatedly change with different ages, generations, and geographic locations. In her study Tannen reveals that among four women and eight men present during a business meeting the women had several more features to observe compared to one another. However, Tannen’s conclusions seem partially invalid for her findings are based on only one particular event. In a business-like environment, it is more likely to find conservatively dressed men with less notable markings than women. Even though women may not only be identified based on their apparent style but also how they choose to present themselves. (i.e. Baggy clothes vs. tight clothes, make-up vs. no makeup). In general, Tannen’s findings appear questionable mainly because her approach when defining a â€Å"marked† individual seems limiting. For example, Tannen would call a man wearing a shirt a marked individual. However, it is quite common for men in Scotland to wear skirts. Without ever considering these geographic differences, Tannen makes bold assumptions based on her own biases. When speculating a specific sub-culture such as the generational â€Å"rave†/dance culture, Tannen’s argument holds no validity. Clearly both men and women in this culture wear similar styles of clothing and accessories that are in essence, uni-sex. While piercings and jewelry might â€Å"mark† a man in society such stylistic choices are considered quite common and acceptable among â€Å"ravers†. Similarly women who wear baggy clothes and baseball caps are not â€Å"marked† as less feminine than those who wear tighter clothes and make-up within this sub-culture are. According to Tannen, â€Å"each of the women at the conference had to make decisions about hair, clothing, make-up and accessories and each decision carried meaning†¦. men can choose style that are marked but they don’t have to, and in this group none did.† (231-2). Although Tannen makes the distinction between the style of men and women at a business conference, she fails to mention that their age and field of work influences what should be â€Å"marked vs. unmarked† and what styles appear appropriate vs. inappropriately. Clearly, Tannen states that all four women are marked yet some are considered more severely marked and judged than others are. Specifically, the women with the long, blond, hair, dressed in tight clothing and heels were more severely marked in Tannen’s eyes. However, Tannen never mentions that in another profession, such as the entertainment or fashion industry, the women style might be considerable less marked than an individual dressed more simple and conservatively. In conclusion, the assumptions that Tannen makes in her article infer that men in society can remain unmarked. Although men are objectified and sexualized less than women this does not mean that they are not in the public eye. Tannen’s view on today’s â€Å"marked† society is based truly on her opinion. She omits geographical, generational and age differences when making her conclusion.

Effect temperature on permeability of membrane

The beet (Beta vulgar's) is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is probably the red or urple root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet.However, other cultivated varieties include the leaf vegetables chardand spinach beet, as well as the root vegetables sugar beet, which is important in the production of table sugar, and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivated varieties fall into the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgar's, while Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, commonly known as the sea beet, is the wild ancestor of hese and is found throughout the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Near East, andlndia.A second wild subspecies, Beta vulgaris subsp. adanensis, occurs from Greece to Syria. Beetroot cells like any other eukaryotic cells have many types of cell organelle present. Some of these organelles are bounded by a sing le membrane, e. g. lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles; some are bounded by two membranes (an envelope), e. g. nucleus, mitochondrion. Beetroot appears as a dark red/ purple colour and this is caused by the betalain pigment, which is contained ithin the vacuole of beetroot cells.In order for the betalain to leave the cell it needs to pass through 2 different membranes; the membrane bounding the vacuole and the membrane enclosing the cell. Betalain pigments, named after the Red beet (Beta vulgaris). They replace anthocyanins in plants of the order Caryophyllales (Cacti, beets & Co. , bougainvillaea, phytolacca, large-flowered purslane etc and also in some fungi such as fly agaric). Two categories of betalains exist and each have distinct color and chemical properties.Betacyanins convey a blue-violent to reddish-purple coloring, are a source of antioxidants and are susceptible to color changes depending antioxidants and are relatively stable. Betalains are found exclusively within on e plant order, which includes beets, prickly pear cactus, chard and amaranth. Betanin is a specific betacyanin and the most prominent pigment in the red beet root where it contributes between 75% – 90% of the total visible color. Plasma membrane Plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells rom the outside environment.The cell membrane is selectively-permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling. The plasma membrane also serves as the attachment surface for the extracellular glycocalyx and cell wall and intracellular cytoskeleton. Plasma membrane proteins function in several different ways.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Reflection - Essay Example The virtual world enables individuals to form and maintain strong interpersonal relationships. It is easier to send instant messages to a person and receive immediate feedback. Hence, through the virtual world enables individual to interact from different places regardless the geographical distance. Virtual works are not limited to location. Communication and exchange of ideas can be done fast and effectively. Through the use of platforms such as Skype, individuals can communicate face-to-face(Bainbridge, 2010). As a result, they can show their expressions and emotions hence enhancing interpersonal communication. Additionally, individuals can express their ideas in basis of similar interests rather than geographical locations. Through the virtual world and individual can get a person who is interested in a certain field. Through that communication flows easily from the sender to the receiver. Virtual world will enable you exchange ideas in that specific field and learn from one another. Virtual world enhances globalization as people spread ideas and innovations to one another through interpersonal communication using the mediums available in the virtual world. Most scientists see it as platform to acquire knowledge(Jain, 2010). They can easily exchange their ideas and build on them as they share the knowledge that they have. Nowadays, the youth cannot avoid the internet. They use the social network to communicate with their friends throughout. It is part of their lives. Through that they obtain instant feedback, and they learn about what is happening in our current society easily. Virtual world enables the youth to have an understanding of what is happening in the world easily. Events are reported immediately they happen hence making the world are informed about what is happening all around the world(Bainbridge, 2010). The global population has turned to the

Resturant project (re-write) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Resturant project (re-write) - Essay Example Finally, ways to address the challenges will be discussed. Several factors play their role in the success and growth of a restaurant like convenience of location for the customers, an appealing menu, sufficient funds, good management, recruitment of competent staff, and proper scheduling. Management needs adequate amount of inventory, budget operational expenses, and cost effective supplies to make a restaurant prosper and its business profitable. An efficient information system helps the management achieve this. Information systems are definitely any organization’s backbone since they offer information that users can use to enhance their efficiency and productivity at work. Users also use information systems to have quick access to the data needed for making such decisions as the items to be restocked or excluding a drink from the menu because it does not sell. Information systems play a critical role in the management of a restaurant’s daily functions. Managers can us e adequate information systems to keep track of the sales and expenses to help a company minimize its costs and plan for the future costs well in advance. The owner and the CEO of the Favorite Greek restaurant is George. George operates the whole business and is the major decision maker. Kitchen is managed by the chef. The chef oversees how cooks prepare the meals, performs inventory checks, and places the order for drinks and food items with the suppliers. An assistant manager runs the entire restaurant which includes developing schedules for the servers, dealing with the complaints of the customers, and closing the restaurant at night. Orders are taken and meals are served to the customers by the waiters and waitresses. The Favorite Greek restaurant founded in May 2008 exists on George Street, Peterborough, ON. This restaurant that offers lunch and dinner has 14 employees in total. The restaurant also contains a bar to serve different sorts of drinks and alcoholic beverages to the customers. Many customers visit the restaurant on major events and festivals in the town, and the business of the restaurant flourishes. Customers get a great dining experience at the Favorite Greek restaurant. It is an ideal place to visit because of its vibrant ambiance, variety of meals, and friendly staff members. Both locals and tourists can easily access the restaurant since it is located in the heart of downtown Peterborough. Emergency Plan: There is no 100 per cent guarantee that the information is safe. The manager of the Favorite Greek seriously considers this fact and has therefore made an emergency plan that would help the restaurant operate during crisis. For low risk issues like water damage to a device of the server, the other two are usable till it is repaired by the software provider. In case the system completely collapses, they immediately approach the POS software provider for help. It is unfortunate that support personnel take a day to analyze the problem becau se of which, operations can halt and business can stop temporarily. Because of this, the only option the Favorite Greek restaurant has is to rung in orders and use the old fashioned way to tally the expenses. Expenses and receipts are necessarily recorded by hand till the problem is fixed by the POS provider. Advantages: Using POS software is advantages in numerous ways. It is not only user-friendly, but it tracks all placed orders and the most

Either criticize the position that our minds are immaterial souls or Essay

Either criticize the position that our minds are immaterial souls or that our minds are brains - Essay Example The dual schemes that occur in the world through the mind and the soul create mysteries that may lead to problems that are considered to be worse than the initial. The brain is the bridge that occurs between the soul and the world. The link however seems to lead to more problems in the world. Brains and minds are through the instances that they take brings to the conclusion that brains and minds are not at all different. They are similar as they exist in the same world with similar concepts. Minds are simply what brains do but the brains are not simple as they perform complex functions. This makes the nature of their relationship to be simple. During learning there are changes that occur both in the brain and in the mind. They are both engaged leading to change in memory. To comprehend the relationship that occurs between the mind and brain, there is the need to understand the relationship that occurs between what things are able to do and what things are. Memories of the mind must be considered to remember things that are recorded in the brain. One is able to reason that the two elements, brain and mind perform similar activities without the consideration of the dependence on one another that makes them to seem to function similarly. There are characteristics that bring about the distinction between the mind and the brain. There are controversies that exist between them bringing to the mind-body problem. According to definition, the brain is considered to be the biological and physical material that is located within the skull that does the activities of neuronal and electrochemical procedures. The mind on the other hand is considered to be attributes of mentality which brings about belief and desires. Some follow to metaphysically dualistic methods in which the mind exists self-reliantly of the brain in certain way, such as a soul or epiphenomenon or emergent phenomenon. Other contrasts uphold that the mind is a separate physical phenomenon, with

W11DBBCCDiscDQ1 and DQ2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W11DBBCCDiscDQ1 and DQ2 - Essay Example The CAPM can be calculated using the following formula: Risk and return have a positive relationship. Securities that have higher risks will generate higher profits. Risk adverse investors prefer investment options with low or cero risk such as Treasury bills. The rate of return of common stocks is higher than Treasury bills due to the higher risks associated with common stocks. The value of a firm can be estimated using financial models such as the dividend discount model (Nyu). There are various factors that determine the risks of a project. Three of those factors are location of the project, timeline requirements, and quality of the labor provided by the project manager and team members. The funding available for a project is another variable that influences the success of a project. Projects that have unlimited funding have a greater chance of success than under funded projects. A major financial decision companies make is deciding the composition of the capital structure of the firm. Accountingformanagement.com (2011). The Use of Net Present Value (NPV) Method in Capital Budgeting Decisions – Discounted Cash Flows. Retrieved September 3, 2011 from

Describe what you have learned about issues of leadership in your Essay

Describe what you have learned about issues of leadership in your current role - Essay Example This is a challenging and, at the same time, a great opportunity to experiment and develop my leadership prowess. I have learned that leadership competency is all about having the ability to operate and lead people in a diverse organization structures, skills, cultures and contexts. It is the ability to work or function with external and internal teams across various time zones, human resource policies and locations. This capability makes a manager or a leader adaptive to alterations in working conditions and able to develop effective teams. Therefore, a leader needs motivation, commitment and understanding. This is because one is managing different people, with diverse cultural backgrounds, tradition, opinions and goals, is not easy, (Sadler 34). The group is motivated in diverse ways, and every teacher expects a different thing from an assistant manager. Therefore, as a leader one needs to be a team builder, motivator, coacher to ensure divergent views are integrated and needs met to achieve common goals. Leadership skills can perform an extensive part in development of one’s career. Often one’s technical skills can enhance his knowledge, (Northouse 41). Leaders learn from their colleagues, teachers, his boss and experiment various skill. Therefore, leadership is character development and building process that enables a leader to enhance his leadership skills, identify his weaknesses and strengths and reinforce his leadership abilities. A leader must be a critical thinker, managing about 50 educational supervisors and visiting different schools to promote teachers and principals of new educational strategies need critical thinking. He should predict possible challenges before they occur. Managing needs, extensive skills to allow development of educational methods that are cohesive, coherent and fruitful to the educational needs of students. Efficient listening is crucial for leaders. Without listening skills, a leader cannot get a response and

Has advertising helped to make men more self conscious about their Essay

Has advertising helped to make men more self conscious about their appearance Evaluate whether this might be a good or a bad thing - Essay Example The main reason for this is the amount of influence advertisements have on the society. There is no scope for doubt in the fact ‘advertising helped to make men more self conscious about their appearance’. When we go through the sales data of male oriented products world wide, we find a rapid shoot up in the business in the recent years. â€Å"In the United States, sales of male-specific cosmetics and toiletries went up 37.3 percent between 1998 and 2003, according to Euro monitor’s 2004 study, with total sales of such products hitting $3.8 billion in 2003†(as cited in http://www.naturalnews.com/005132.html). These sales would have multiplied many times by now. Many developing countries like India where men were least concerned about beauty matters have a men’s beauty parlor in every nook and corner offering the most modern beauty treatments. Metrosexuals are seen on all four sides and at least for some, feminity is substituting his macho man appearance. All pinks and bright oranges on a man are seen awkward though the guys are least co ncerned. He is too much conscious of how he looks and he is in front of the mirror whenever he can. It is still a debate if it is fair for the man to behave like a typical woman in his personal appearance matters. Not only does he takes care of his looks too much but also spends a huge amount of his earning on the same. For instance, let us check the sale details of Loreal Paris, the international cosmetic brand. â€Å"Together male perfumes and deodorant made up about two thirds of LOreals male cosmetic sales in 2007. The usage of male cosmetics has grown considerably over the last two decades. From 1990 to 2001, mens skincare usage increased from 4.5% to 21%. In addition, men skincare usage in Western Europe has increased about 28% between 2001 and 2005. Cosmetics companies have even began to penetrate the over-40 market, which is not as saturated as the

Introduction to Cooking Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Cooking Essay Carbohydrates – Starches and sugars are present in foods in many forms 2 Most Important Changes in Carbohydrates Caused by Heat are: 1. Caramelization – browning of sugars; browning of sauteed veggies and golden colour of breads are sample of Caramelization 2. Gelatinization – when starches absorb water and swell; a major principle in the thickening of sauces and in the production of breads and pastries *ACIDS inhibit gelatinization. A sauce thickened with flour or starch will be thinner if it contains acid. FRUIT VEGETABLE FIBER FIBER – group of complex substances that give structure and firmness to plants. Fiber can’t be digested. See more: how to write an introduction The softening of fruits vegetables in cooking is part of the breaking down of fiber. Sugar makes fiber firmer Baking soda makes fiber softer. Vegetables become mushy and lose vitamins PROTEINS a major component of meats, poultry, fish, eggs milk products consist a long chain of components called amino acids COAGULATION – when the proteins unwind, they become attracted to each other and form bonds the coagulated proteins form a solid network of bonds and become firm most proteins complete coagulation are cooked at 160-186Â °F MAILLARD REACTION – is what happens when meat browns happens only on the dry surface of food. CONNECTIVE TISSUES – special proteins present in meat (separates the meat from the bone) FATS are present in meat, fish, poultry, egg, milk products. Important medium for frying Liquid fats are called OIL When heated, they begin to breakdown When hit enough, they begin to smoke and deteriorate rapidly.

Greek Roman Athletic

Greek Roman Athletic Greek and Roman sports Introduction Ancient Greek and Roman civilization have made many enduring contributions to western civilization. Such as politics, sports, and trade are present in western society because of Greece and Rome. The Ancient Greeks and Romans have engaged a everlastingly nebulous place in our psyche, and have hence assumed a powerful place in our fantasies about many things. Running the gamut from wrestling to boomerang, Sports and Games of the Ancients spans the world to bring us collection of athletic and spirited pastimes, rituals, and contests. In Ancient Greek and Romans Sports, athletic contested very hard and it was a public display that was a trait of the religious and social life of ancient Greece and Rome (Osborne 15). The ancient athletes were untainted in mind and body and they trained and participate for no other reason than the passion for physical exercise, fair competition and to honor their gods. In this article I will to discuss the Greek and Roman attitudes toward sports. Attitudes of the two Societies The Greek society was unique in way because it was the first to put man at the center of the universe. Unlike the creature deities of the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, the gods of the Greeks are human in form. Man was there source of inspiration and thus loved they he would be competitive in all fields specially sports. The Roman society did not had the time or inclination to turn to softer, lazier, and altogether more debauched things such as sitting around and talking or writing books. Nevertheless, the Romans, unlike the Greeks, were illustrious by practicality and common sense, not by a love of abstract thought. The Roman societies imagination has too often been regarded as, at worst, deficient and derivative, and, at best, pragmatic rather than sophistic (Osborne 74). The similarity between Greek and Roman thought has I think by and large been over-simplified in modern accounts, and has not often been considered to be an interesting subject. Still both had similar paths of creation, conquest, and destruction. How brutal were Greek sports The ancient competition, physically, was poles apart from our modern games. There were far fewer events and only free Greek speaking men (and sometimes boys) were allowed to compete because of severity and brutality. There was no team competition, and the emphasized on individual achievement through public competition was related to the Greek ideal of excellence, called Arete. In Greece the games served at first as a constituent in various spiritual observances: Some were held in admiration of the gods, some as offerings of thanksgiving. Others, in later times, were held in honor of living people. The Greek games where brutal but with their attendant processions, feasts, and music, played an important role in developing the approval of physical beauty that is typical of Greek art and literature. The four main cycles of games were the Olympic Games, the Pythian Games, the Isthmian Games, and the Nemean Games (Kyle 48). Was Roman sporting even more brutal then the Greek sports The Roman games, like those of the Greeks, were partially religious in nature. However, corrupt politicians used the games to win the errands of the populace and vied with one another in the lavishness and profligacy of the games, which were held on the flimsiest of pretexts and eventually lost their original religious meaning and purpose. Certainly warfare familiarized Romans with violence, and violent spectacles escalated with, and symbolized, the territorial expansion of the empire and the blood sports acted as a surrogate for war. Public spectacles were of various kinds. They included a gladiatorial combat, stage-plays in every quarter of Rome performed in every language, chariot races in the Circus, athletic competitions, and a mock naval battle. Without a doubt, the Greek games depended for their entertainment value primarily on rivalry among athletes; while the Roman games were often describe by the staging of battles fought to the death and involved large numbers of human beings and also beasts (Kyle 184). The Roman sporting was crueler because in Greece the people were often participants, whereas in Rome they were mere spectators, and only professional athletes, slaves, and prisoners usually took part. Conclusion The Greek and Roman cultures truly transformed the art of civilization. We can clearly see the love for sports in Greek and the Romans. It was through Justinians code, Roman law influenced civil law codes throughout much of Western Europe (Kyle 26). We learn that the ancient Greeks and Romans shaped their own idea about the meaning of life. The Roman games were radically different from the Greek games in several respects. But still it shows the mindset of the people of that time. Without a doubt the modern Americans would find much of that sports awfully violent; particularly the hundreds of gladiator contests and animal fights, with their many public deaths of both people and wild animals. We surely learn that some upper-class Romans were dismayed at the brutality of the games but defended them as a means of directing popular anger away from the elite. The useful lessons we learn I think is of bravery and courage in the face of death. Works Cited Osborne, R. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Kyle, Donald G. Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. New York: Blackwell Pub, 2007.

Effects of Ethics on Production of Knowledge

Effects of Ethics on Production of Knowledge Aakashdeep Dhillon Ethical Judgement limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss. Ethics is a moral principle of an influencing conduct. It is a branch of knowledge that is  similar to moral principles. However, it is not the same as morals, rather is the study of morals. A  right or wrong is just an opinion, and most people have their own opinion what may be right or  wrong. However in ethics, nobodys views are any better or more right than someone else’s. A  person’s ethical views is based upon their society, and cultural they were raised in. What one  person in one society may consider as ethical, may not be considered ethical in another society. Without making a generalization in that sense, it makes it hard to produce knowledge, in the given  areas of knowledge. Personally moving from India to Canada in 2006, was a huge change as I had  switched from Eastern culture to the Western culture and in many ways, I had to change myself to  be ethically correct to be ethically correct here. Hence, the statement in the title does withhold this  fact of, ethical judgements do limit the methods available in the production of knowledge.   Judgement always play a vital role in critical moments, and to obtain the accuracy and  precision of a good judgement, the person must be in a good state, mentally and physically. Any  actions or decisions an artist makes about his piece of work, the artist needs to take into account the  moral responsibility, especially during the times that we are living in. The artists hold the  responsibility ethically, what is right and what is wrong. There may not be a specific law saying  something is wrong, but society may very well a negative reaction which may spiral into  something uncontrollable that may as well start a movement or a new era. This means the artist is  morally responsible for their work when working on their piece, which ultimately limits the method  for producing knowledge. On a personal level, I think an artist must have freedom to do what they want in their work  as it shows their perspective and possibly many others in the society around us inevitably giving us  more knowledge. However, a society as a whole, especially when in large numbers in a specific  area together have different opinions on the piece which they do not agree with and act negatively  towards this. Hence, there is a fine line from what is morally right in society and the artist should  know whether to cross that line or not, especially if the artists job is to please his audience. However, the â€Å"line† that we draw between the ethically correct and the ethically wrong is almost  impossible to make out where it is because it all depends on the subjective standards of society. What is ethical and what is not vary as explained before, different cultures and societies view  things in different perspectives. For example, when I moved from India to Canada, in middle  school my classmates and I had to get into pairs and make a powerpoint about an artist that was  assigned to us. During the presentations I saw a presentation about Michelangelo, and many of his  artwork and sculptures were of nude people. The teacher and the class watched the presentation  and seemed like they had no problems with it. I felt uncomfortable watching it and so I didn’t look  at it. Later, talking to the teacher, she explained it was simply an assignment and it had no other purpose. This opened my eyes to the culture and society here to the society in India when I was  there. A lot of his work would not be accepted in the Indian society and looked down upon as it is  disgracing the human body. Nude art evokes a sense of sexuality and the topic is very intimate and  of something that should be kept on a personal level that’s why it is frowned upon and something  that made me uncomfortable and forced me to react in such a manner. However, I grew  accustomed to it and learnt to deal with such things that I am not used to. I believe an artist uses  their pieces of art to express their feelings about things they feel are important in society or not, and  also art a lot of the times is also used to criticize and mock different areas in society specifically  things like politics or culture. This is where I believe the artists should have a higher ethical  responsibility for their work and think of what they are doing and what may happen. Ultimately,  which leads me to believe that because of ethical judgements the methods to produce knowledge  really are limited in the arts. In the area of knowledge of science, my point of view is the opposite of the arts. In science  I believe any actions the scientists take for their research should not have to worry about the moral  responsibilities. The job of a scientist is to provide the world with research and answers to  questions which is backed by sufficient facts. A job of scientist is to figure out the different things  in the world and how they are made, and what they are made of. Scientists provide us with  information that is beyond our natural understanding. They conduct experiments and write  researches for the world to understand how the world works and I believe ethical beliefs should not  limit them to provide us with information. I believe that every human being must be provided with the truth about their surroundings. If science, did not challenge the ethical boundaries set we may  not have known that the earth was round, or that the existence of god may be a myth. I believe if  sc ience does not question everything without the ethical boundaries many things that happen in the  world go unresolved or unanswered. However, my opinions are different from what the society  may believe in. For scientists, the study of earth and its surroundings isn’t the only they focus on, if you go  into depth scientists branch off into different fields and study other things, such as diseases present  in the world. Scientists must do experiments and write researches for medicines that work and not  work and which may cause harm to humans. Therefore, they conducts experiments on animal  subjects and sometimes even human subjects, to test if something may cause harm or trigger a  reaction. Many people in different societies believe every living thing has a right to live and testing  dangerous products on them and killing them in the process for anothers good is ethically incorrect. Personally, I volunteer at the hospital and on a tour for the hospital and all the different sections in  the hospital. During a tour, they also dissected a human being to show the inside of the human for  knowledge. Hence, the same thing happens in the medical school as they work with real subjects. I  believe it is vital to experiment and conduct tests to come up with a definite remedy if we want to  get to the root of the problems, hence, the scientists should be held morally responsible for the  application of discoveries. Moreover, I believe the ethical responsibility working with the human  subjects is the same as it is with the animal subjects. I believe it is important for the greater good of  society some must be used as experiments whether they are humans or animals. However, a good  majority of the society believes otherwise and believe that everyone is equal and deserves to live as  much as anybody else/ any other living thing. Hence, this holds the scie ntists morally responsible  for the application of their discovery and again the ethical responsibility stays the same when  working with human or animal subjects. This ultimately proves the statement, as it limits the  methods available to produce knowledge in the given field. Consequently, personally I believe that ethical judgements do limit the methods available in  the production of knowledge. However, I believe it should not limit in the natural sciences as many  discoveries will go unresolved if they have not yet been discovered or proven thus far. I believe  comparing the two different area of knowledge, science provides us with some of the greatest  discoveries known to man and it has changed mankind and moved us forward over the years. Whereas in arts, the knowledge obtained is more on a personal level that makes us think about  ourselves only and what we think about certain things, which I believe should be considered as  high as the other, therefore, giving two different answers for the different areas of knowledge. However, many people do think otherwise and because everyone must be taken into account  which ultimately limit the ways of knowing. Word Count: 1461 Bibliography Areas of Knowledge. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. Dullwitch Home. Dullwitch Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. May 2014 TOK Essay Titles. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Ways of Knowing. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014.

Magic and Superstition in the Middle Ages Essay -- superstitions, beli

Superstitions have influenced the lives of human beings perhaps since the beginning of mankind. For millennia, people have clung to beliefs and practices surrounding preternatural activities. Even after science has produced evidence to explain what was once considered supernatural, the superstitious traditions have continued. During the Middle Ages, many new superstitious rituals were developed and some can still be seen in use today. However, the trivial superstitious rituals of today, such as hanging a horse shoe on a door or knocking on wood to bring good fortune, did not begin so simply. Superstition, as defined by the Oxford dictionary is, â€Å"excessively credulous belief in and reverence for the supernatural.† In no other time was the supernatural ever so excessively believed than in the Middle Ages, where witches flew on broomsticks, Jewish sorcerers conjured spells, and sneezes could kill you. In ancient times, mysterious circumstances were explained by the imaginations of our ancestors. Without science, occurrences which seem obvious now were once described as supernatural. For example, a person’s shadow cast on a sunny day was defined as a reflection of that person’s soul. Natural phenonemons were more or less personified. To get to the roots of supernatural beliefs, it is necessary to look at the roots of philosophy. Bernard McGinn, author of The Growth of Mysticism, said that in the ancient Mediterranean world philosophy was defined as, â€Å"the love of wisdom, to express the highest mode of human life, one dedicated to more than the ordinary tasks of survival and self-aggrandizement† (32). The Middle Ages began around the fifth century, when the Roman Empire disintegrated and Christendom began to take shape. The people th... ... Simeoni, Manuela. "European Pagan Memory Day." The Canon Episcopi and the Beginning of the Matter about Witches. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. Trachtenberg, Joshua. "Jewish Magic and Superstition: 1. The Legend of Jewish Sorcery." Jewish Magic and Superstition: 1. The Legend of Jewish Sorcery. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. Trachtenberg, Joshua. "Jewish Magic and Superstition: 2. The Truth Behind The Legend." Jewish Magic and Superstition: 2. The Truth Behind The Legend. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. Trueman, Chris. "The Black Death of 1348 to 1350." The Black Death of 1348 to 1350. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Williamson, Allen. "Joan of Arc, Brief Biography." Joan of Arc, Brief Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Wolchover, Natalie. "The Surprising Origins of 9 Common Superstitions." LiveScience.com. TechMedia Network, 19 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.

Fear and Hope in Marigolds :: Literary Analysis, Eugenia Collier

Eugenia Collier’s â€Å"Marigolds† is a memoir of a colored girl living in the Great Depression. The story does not focus on the troubles society presents to the narrator (Elizabeth), but rather is focused on the conflict within her. Collier uses marigolds to show that the changes from childhood to adulthood cause fear in Elizabeth, which is the enemy of compassion and hope. â€Å"Marigolds† is about change. Collier chose a â€Å"fourteen-going-on-fifteen† (1) year old girl because the transition from childhood to adulthood adds layers of conflict to the story. The initially obvious conflict is that of the woman and child inside Elizabeth. She represents the child when she pulls up the marigolds: â€Å"The fresh smell of early morning and dew-soaked marigolds spurred me on as I went tearing and mangling and sobbing† (5). She (as the child) is struggling inwardly against being a woman. At the end of her rampage, she is â€Å"more woman than child† (1), and the child in her loses the battle. As a woman, she wins â€Å"a kind of reality which is hidden to childhood† (5). The second conflict is also symbolic. Elizabeth represents fear. She has the feeling that â€Å" something old and familiar [is] ending and something unknown and therefore terrifying [is] beginning† (1). The marigolds represent hope. The reason for her â€Å"great impulse towards destruction† (4) was a combination of fear for the future and bitterness towards the past. In this conflict, fear wins because Miss Lottie â€Å"never [plants] marigolds again† (5). The third conflict is the most important. It takes place inside of Elizabeth and is also between fear and hope. At the end of the story, fear may win symbolically, but hope wins inside of Elizabeth: â€Å"In that humiliating moment I looked beyond myself and into the depths of another person. This was the beginning of compassion† (5). Not only does Collier use age to create depth of conflict, but she also uses Elizabeth’s attitude. The first conflict (the transition from childhood to adulthood) could stand by itself. If Collier had created an optimistic character it would not have allowed Elizabeth to have a struggle between fear and hope. By creating a pessimistic character, Collier shows that she is bitter and fearful. That is evident in her statement that her â€Å"hatred of [poverty] was still the vague, undirected restlessness of a zoo bred flamingo who knows that nature created him to fly free† (1).

Nivea (1911)

Nivea (1911) is a worldwide body-skin care well known brand. A German company named Beiersdorf, which is founded on 1882, owns it. Nivea is a Latin word (niveus/nivea/niveum), which means â€Å"Snow White† [1]. The most important aims of Beiersdorf is to have its products as close as possible to its consumers and understand them in its many different markets and satisfy them with skin-body beauty care advanced products [1]. In return, Beiersdorf is gaining the trust and appeal from its customers. Case synopsis: Beiersdorf is one of the companies that seeks continuous and regular market development. Market can be developed by finding the gap (need) in the market and trying to fill the gap by developing a new product (satisfying the need through market-oriented approach), or through product-oriented approach by creating good quality product and introduce it to the market. Beiersdorf market research have identified a market gap which led to NIVEA VISAGE young (product) introduction in 2005 to the market in order to fill the this gap (market-oriented approach). After developing a balanced and effective marketing mix the company re-introduced the NIVEA VISAGE young range in 2007 where the product had new formula, new design, new packaging, and new name. Statement of the problem: Beiersdorf market research have identified a market gap which led to NIVEA VISAGE young (product) introduction to the market in order to fill this gap (market-oriented approach) [2]. The company needed to develop a balanced and effective marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) in order to well suit the product, target market, and to meet its own objectives. Causes of the problem: Beiersdorf wanted to develop a balanced marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) specifically for further optimizing of the company position in the market. Each marketing mix variable have been addressed carefully to achieve the company goals and targets. Case analysis: Beiersdorf did a market research in order to understand the market and to build effective marketing mix by identifying the target market segments. The research plan was to gather information using different research approaches and instruments such as listening directly to the consumers through focus groups, and experimental product testing. Findings were impressive and led to significant changes into the product, product price, place, and promotions. Findings of the research regarding the product showed the company the way to satisfy a significant segment. The research showed that younger costumers (age group of 13 – 19 years old) desires more dedicated face care product that offers a ‘beautifying’ benefit, instead of a solution to skin problems [1]. Competitors available product at that time mostly concentrates on skin problems solution rather than normal face care products. Using experimental research approach, the final product improved and changes included: * The product made far more effective and consumer friendly * The formula used for some products has been changed and natural substances have been employed * New products introduced to the market * Attractive product pack design targeting young women group used * Larger pack size introduced with new product description. Each of these product improvements has its own purpose weather to attract the young women segment, Show the company commitment toward the environment, or strengthen the product range, to better meet the needs of the market. Pricing of the any new product has to provide value for money in the market and to be attractive for the targeted segment customers to buy. Several pricing strategies firms can use such as cost based pricing (the price cover the cost or include some profit), Penetration price (initial low price ), and price skimming ( premium price ‘first to buy’ customers). NIVEA VISAGE young re-introduced with a higher price than the previous edition of the product. However, this illustrated value for money were new natural formulation has been used, packaging and extended product range [2]. Nivea also took into consideration when pricing the product the targeted segment were young girls are targeted the product is bought by their mums. Which explains the reasonable and balanced pricing between the features the product offers, benefits of the product, and how much do is it cost. Nivea was the price leader effectively of this market segment were it sets the price level that competitors will follow or undercut by ensuring competitive price. Beiersdorf didn’t forget study regarding the place element of the marketing mix. Place often refers to distribution strategy, place where the product will be sold. One of the important aims of Beiersdorf is reaching to their targeted customers regardless of their locations. As a result, the company used different channels to reach their customers such as retail outlets where 65% of the product selling from the targeted customers occurs, and large grocery chains where the other 35% sales comes from [1]. Smaller retailers can be reached through a wholesalers and online selling of the product through a retailer where the costs of producing small orders will be high for the company. The promotion key of the marketing mix was so important to communicate with the targeted segment customer about the product availability and persuading them to buy the product [2]. Two main types of promotions are there, above-the-line (TV and newspaper advertisements) and below-the-line (events, Direct mails, PR, branding, and sales promotions). Nivea was a consumer-led in the NIVEA VISAGE young promotion where the strategy reflected the lifestyle of the targeted segment audiences and the range of the available media. Nivea used below-the-line strategy in their promotion campaign. The main part of the promotion was letting the customers to experience and test the products through distribution of the product samples. In addition, Interactive online magazine was launched and named FUN, YOUNG, & INDEPENDENT (FYI) to give the targeted customers of the young girls the confidence to become young women act independently. Also, social networks haven’t been forgotten, where NIVEA VISAGE young pages were available on MySpace and Facebook to reach as much as possible targeted audiences. Alternative recommendations: Based on the research of the market carried out by the Beiersdorf, set of recommendations might be useful suggested: * Differentiate the product specifications and names according to the age group. 3 years old girls would love to have a product named on her favorite cartoon character, which will attract her to ask about the product or buy it. * Providing a completing set of tools with product or at least one tool such as a mirror as a promotion * Sending people to houses to introduce the product * Using above-the-line promotions such as TV and yellow pages ads. * Provide a seasonal produc t where in summer provide a product edition with a lime or mint fleshing smell.

Bad Influence of Television

Television is a bad influence Nowadays, almost each family has at least one television. Even when we grow up, we still have a cartoon in our memories. But we can see, more and more children indulge to TV shows, they pick up bad habits from the programs and they lost a lot of fun because of they spend too much time in watching TV. Not only to the children but also to the adults, watching TV is harmful to people’s health. Too often such cruel behavior can be seen on television programs. The children could not distinguish which behavior is right and which one is wrong.They even think some cruel behaviors are very cool. And when the children watch television programs, their parents do not have time tell them how to do is right. The programs or the films have many fighting and erotic actions to attract their attention. Young children could learn from them and do the same thing in their real life. That’s why young criminal are increasing in recent years. Watching television i s interesting in children’s eyes. This is how things are. Most children like watching TV rather than playing outside.But playing in the sunshine has better influences than staying at home. Because of staying at home, they have less chance to make friends or communicate with others. Social work skills should be learned from a kid. Maybe someone could say some programs are good for children to know more knowledge. But in fact, children are not interested in it. Learn knowledge from their own experiences can let them remember more clearly. For example, take the child to the zoo to see tigers would be better to watch tigers on a television.If you spend too much time in watching television, it’s harmful to your health. Many teens have shortsighted because of this. And it caused the problem like fat. Staying at home will let you become lazier. Our body needs to do sports. When people are watching TV, their brain actually doesn’t need to think, the images and the voice can give enough information to them. So, our brain could be stupid. In a word, television is a bad influence. Let’s read books or go outside to play to kill time. Do not let television to be harmful to us.

Carl Rogers Core Conditions

This is statement summarizes the basic hypothesis and therapeutic conditions that distinguish the person-centered approach from other approaches. Rogers (1960, p33) believed that if the therapist can provide a certain kind of relationship, the client would discover within himself/herself the capacity to use the relationship for growth and change for the development of personal growth. So what are the characteristics of the therapeutic relationship that Rogers believed to be essential?These are congruency, unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding. Rogers’ (1957) said that a therapeutic relationship can occur if there are two people in psychological contact, the client is experiencing in congruency or is anxious, the therapist is congruent or integrated in the relationship, the therapist experience unconditional positive regard and acceptance for the client as well as an empathic understanding of the client’s internal frame of reference and strives to comm unicate this experience to the client.He further believed that no other conditions are necessary, if all this conditions are present overtime, constructive personality change will occur. Rogers’ provide a brief summary of the core conditions he believed to be essential in a therapeutic relationship in his book A Way of Being (Houghton Mifflin, pp 115-117). â€Å"The first element could be called genuineness, realness or congruence. The more the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional front or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner.This means that therapist is openly being the feelings and attitudes that are flowing within at the Counseling and Psychotherapy Page # 2 moment. The term transparent catches the flavor of this condition: the therapist makes himself or herself transparent to the client; the client can see right through what the therapist is in the relations hip; the client experiences no holding back on the part of the therapist. As for the therapist, what he or she is experiencing is available to awareness, can be lived in the relationship, and can be communicated if appropriate.Thus, there is a close matching or congruence between what is experienced at the gut level, what is present in awareness, and what is expressed to the client†. â€Å"The second attitude of importance in creating a climate for change is acceptance, or caring, or prizing – what I have called ‘unconditional positive regard’. When the therapist is experiencing a positive acceptant attitude toward whatever the client is at that moment, therapeutic movement or change is more likely to occur.The therapist is willing for the client to be whatever immediate feeling is going on – confusion, resentment, fear, anger, courage, love, or pride. Such caring on the part of the therapist is nonpossesive. The therapist prizes the client in a tot al rather than a conditional way†. â€Å"The third facilitative aspect of the relationship is empathic understanding. This means that the therapist sense accurately the feelings and personal meanings that the client is experiencing and communicates this understanding to the client.When functioning bets, the therapist is so much inside the private world of the other that he or she can clarify not only the meanings of which the client is aware but even those just below the level of awareness. This kind of sensitive, active listening is exceedingly rare in our lives. We think we listen but very rarely do we listen with real understanding, true empathy. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the most potent forces for change that I know†. Congruence implies that the therapists are true, that is they are genuine, integrated and authentic during the therapy session.They are without pretensions, what their inner feelings and the external expression of it are one a nd the same and they can honestly articulate their feelings, thoughts, reactions and attitudes that are present in the relationship with the client. The therapist who is congruent conveys the message that it is not only permissible but desirable to be oneself, he. /she presents themselves as transparent to the client and thus refuses to encourage an image of herself as superior, expert and omniscient (Mearns and Thorne, 1992 p15.). Person-centered therapy emphasizes that therapy will not progress if the therapist feels one way about the client but behaves in a different way. So that if the therapist either dislikes or disapprove of the client but pretends that he/she accepts the client. Therapy will not work. Counseling and Psychotherapy Page # 3 The unconditional positive regard of the therapist to the client tells us that it is of the utmost importance that the therapist’s caring be nonpossesive.If the act of caring is rooted in the therapist’s need to be liked and a ppreciated, constructive change in the client is inhibited. Therapists should give importance and genuinely accept their clients without placing conditions on their acceptance. It should not be an attitude of â€Å"I’ll accept you when†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , rather it should be â€Å"I’ll accept you as you are†. Therapists should let their clients know that they value their clients as they are and that clients have the freedom to feel and experience an array of emotions without fear of losing their therapists acceptance of them.When the therapist is able to embrace this attitude of acceptance and nonjudgmentalism, the client is more able to feel safe, to explore negative feelings and to move into the core of his anxiety or depression, he is more likely to face himself honestly without the ever present fear of rejection or condemnation (Mearns and Thorn, 1992 p15. ). However, acceptance is the affirmation of the client’s rights to have their own beliefs and feeli ngs, it is not the approval of all behavior.One of the fundamental tasks of the therapist is to understand client’s feelings and experiences perceptively and precisely as they are presented during the therapy sessions. The therapist tries to feel the client’s subjective experience in the here and now. The aim is to persuade clients to go deeper within them and experience their inner selves to recognize and resolve the unease that is present within them. Empathic understanding suggests that the therapist should be able to feel what the client is feeling without becoming lost in these feelings.It is also necessary to recognize that empathic understanding goes beyond the act of identifying the presenting feelings of the client but rather should include those feelings deep and less Counseling and Psychotherapy Page # 4 experienced feelings. Therapists’ empathy brings about a more profound understanding of the self in the part of the client and an elucidation of thei r beliefs and worldviews. Rogers (1980) asserts that when the therapist can grasp the clients’ private world as the client sees and feels it – without losing the separateness of their own identity – constructive change is more likely to occur.In Rogers’ perspective, the client/therapist relationship should be one of equality; therapists do not keep their knowledge a secret or attempt to mystify the therapeutic process. The progression of a client’s transformation is largely dependent on the quality of this equal relationship. As clients’ experience the therapists’ accepting way of listening to them, they eventually come to listen acceptingly themselves. As they find the therapist caring and prizing them, clients begin to believe in their worth and value.As they experience the genuineness of the therapist, clients also discard their pretensions and become real with themselves and the therapist. References Mearns, D. & Thorne, B. (1992) Person-centered counseling in action. London: SAGE Publications Limited Rogers, C. (1961) On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C. (1980) A way of being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C. (1986) Carl Rogers on the development of the person-centered approach. Person- Centered Review, 1(3), 257-259. Thorne, B. (1992) Carl Rogers. Newsbury Park, CA: Sage

Aspartame and Holland Sweetener Co.

27-Feb Bitter Competition: The Holland Sweetener Co. vs. NutraSweet (A) (HBS 9-794-079) 1. How should Vermijs expect NutraSweet to respond to the Holland Sweetener Company’s entry into the European and Canadian aspartame markets? Ans: 1. NutraSweet had a very high Cost of Goods Sold in producing the Aspartame. So it was not a wise move for NutraSweet goes for Price war with Holland Sweetener Company, which might possibly results in a negative gain on the product. . Even though price war is not expected, NutraSweet possibly might use his advantage as the first one introducing the market to continue dominated the market. NutraSweet might also increase its advertisement expense to reintroduce and redirect consumers’ interest back to NutraSweet. 3. In response to Holland’s sue against the company; NutraSweet might probably try their best to fight against it, since they wanted to continuously dominate the soft drink industry.However, even though NutraSweet succeed to defend its anti-competitive, if Holland Sweetener Company or other sweeteners offered a rather better price, similar quality, and comparable distribution offer, in a long run, the drink industry might go to the use of multi-sweetener to lower the suppliers’ control power and to follow government’s suggestion. 4. Since the market shares for NutraSweet will drop with the entry of Holland Sweetener and other Sweetener companies, NutraSweet may expect a sales decrease. Thus, NutraSweet will continue to improve their operation to make it more profitable. . Specifically, how should Vermijs assess the relative likelihood of the two scenarios—price war and normal competition—he has in mind? Price war Anw: Vermijs can use game theory to assess the relative likelihood (N -0. 7, H-0. 3) Holland Enter the Market Normal (N 0. 6, H 0. 4) Nutra Holland did not enter the Market (Nutra 1, Holland 0) When Vermijs think about the likelihood of the two scenarios, he needs to stand in NutraSweet’s shoes to think what Holland will do. If Holland did not enter the market, then Holland will get nothing.But if Holland enter the Market, there’s 50% chance Holland will get some revenue. So Holland will enter the market. When Holland enter the market, Nutra had price war, then they both lost revenue, but if Nutra just normally compete with Holland, then at least Nutra still have positive revenue gain. So Nutra will not start a price war. 3 Other Notes: NutraSweet once reached 711 million for Aspartame business from 1965 to 1987 (patents’ expiration in European and Canadian market); 1986, Holland Sweetener Company prepare to enter this market.NutraSweet’s decision: Normal competition & Price war. NutraSweet has limited production capacity, which hinders the growth of sales and limited their profit; so either NutraSweet increase more capacity to expand their market shares, or after the expiration of exclusivity, let other company get in. Extensive advertising led to wide use of Aspartame by food/beverage manufacturer. Huge price discount first to raise awareness and then put its foot onto soft drink and powdered drink industry.

Criminal Behavior and Policing in America Essay

Criminal Behavior and Policing in America - Essay Example The definition of criminal behavior also changes with place. In some countries of the world, drugs such as marijuana are outlawed, and possession or use brings serious consequences. In other countries, the drug is sold and used openly. In the United States, California, Alaska, Colorado, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington state all allow the use of medical marijuana, although it is explicitly prohibited by federal law. Recently, a San Francisco Circuit Court of Appeals judge ruled that states can make their own medical marijuana laws, as long as the commerce does not involve any other state.  While ideas about the definition of criminal behavior in a time and place influence policing, political values and social conditions also shape our ideas about policing. Ebbe (2000) suggests that each country forms its ideas about policing based on custom and tradition, historical experience, and international events. America is customarily focused on traditions of individual freedom â€⠀œ but we surrender much of that freedom to policing agencies when serious domestic or international events pose a danger to our collective good. In fact, we are willing to surrender our – and our fellows’ – rights to amazing capacities. In American history, we can look to the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Schenck decision, the interment of Americans of Japanese ancestry during World War II, the House Un-American Activities Committee, and the Patriot Act. The notion that it is acceptable to surrender more authority. to policing agencies is well-chronicled and accepted in our nation’s history. Our history also shows periods of real isolationist sentiment that is

Think tank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Think tank - Assignment Example Rather, they are ideas generated on college campuses, in think tanks and in other research organizations around the country (Wiarda 55). This essay is going to draw comparison between the Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS), Rand Organization and American Enterprise Institute (AEI) think tanks, explore how they function, and finally how these think tanks influence the US foreign policy. Think tanks vary enormously in terms of size, staff, and institutional resources, but they all rely to a certain extent on both public and private channels to exercise policy influence (Wiarda 63). Of the more than 2,000 think tanks in the USA, close to 25percent of these are considered as independent or free standing whereby vast majority are affiliated with university departments. The Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS) is a popular American think tank that is based in Washington DC in the United States of America and it primary role is to conduct policy studies and strategic analyses on economic development and reconstruction, political and security issues, Global Health as well as climate change and energy (Arin 40). It also focuses on Human Rights, Technology, and Trade and Economics as well as Global Trends and Forecasting throughout the world. Nonetheless, CSIS pays special focus on issues concerning trade, international relations, energy, technology, finance as well as geostrategic. According to a report that was released by the University of Pennsylvania in 2013 entitled â€Å"Global Go To Think Tanks Report†, CSIS is the best think tank internationally for international affairs and security. It was also placed as the fourth best think tank globally and it has been termed occasionally as â€Å"one of the most respected of Washington’s think tanks† (Arin 39). CSIS invites well-known foreign policy and public service officials and from the US Congress and the executive branch inclusive of

Inghir-Jerusalem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inghir-Jerusalem - Essay Example The synagogue is no more but the Kamal’s grandfather seems to vividly remember that it once stood at the position. As Kamal speaks with some people, the mixing of Arab, French, and Berber languages is evidence enough of their ties to Tinghir. The documentary explores the 2000 years old Jew shelters in the author’s village of Tinghir, situated in Morocco. Throughout the film, Kamal moves back and forth between Tinghir and Israel in search for answers. As the film advances, Kamal meets some Jews who still hold tight to their Moroccan identity. This is great step towards finding out the real events that triggered the Jew migration from Tinghir. The film is based on a true story that shows the collaboration between Jews and Muslims that fell apart after the Jews moved to Israel. Although the Jews did not have it all, the coexistence was still a great one. As Kamal speaks to both sides, Jews and Muslims, they seem to cherish and desire a reunion to the great coexistence that they once had. Kamal tries to discover what happened with an aim that the two once friendly communities will one day reunite. The film has an interesting and captivating story line that gives the viewers a desire to watch more as the events unfold. The film has an important lesson and can be used to stop the raging conflicts that are recurrent in today’s world. From time to time, the Israelites are in conflict with the Arab nations and as a result, a great hostility has escalated. How could the once peaceful coexistence turn into raging conflicts and everyday war? What went wrong? What can be done? These are among the many questions on peoples’ minds as they try to bring to an end the seemingly unending conflict. This film can be used as a starting point to remind the two conflicting sides of the enviable cooperation that once was. In addition, the Muslims were not the reason for the Jew

Methodology rationale of a lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Methodology rationale of a lesson plan - Essay Example This is followed by detailed analysis or the lesson plan and peculiarities of students’ perception of material and attitude to learning, their interests and cooperation during the lesson. Also there will be suggested an action plan for my self-improvement and advance in my future teaching skills. Final point of my paper includes brief conclusion on done work. Primarily, I want to pay attention that my lesson is designed for young students. They are Libyan and their appropriate age is from 16 to 19. The topic of the lesson is Life Stories. The lesson contain the story about doctor who leave his son burial to save life of unknown boy, precisely listening a rude and angry perturbation of his father. Hence, the story is totally edifying and provides a great example of execution of duty no matter what. Moreover, given text teaches respect and politeness even in stressed situations. These are serious and important moral categories, discussing which will be useful affair for young generation. Their age induces them to think over some eternal notions together with sense of life and people’s behaviour. This is the age of self-identification in the world and understanding of who you are. So topic Life Stories with a big moral purport I consider to be highly appropriate for these learners. It more or less matches with their interests and pre tends to be interesting for students. The learners are 10 in number. It is a suitable amount what gives an opportunity to tell your own opinion for everybody, and to discuss the main important points of the topic in pairs and with the full class. Learners study language at their private school for ten years. English is a part of their syllabus so they study General English. Level of knowledge of these Libyan students is intermediate. As there was no verbal part in the exam process for them, they mostly concentrated on the structural form of the language avoiding the meaning and use of them as a result; they are good at writing and

What i lern from class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What i lern from class - Essay Example Mentally, the sport has made me alert. I always used to be lazy but I found that to play well one must have one-pointed concentration. There has to be hand-eye coordination which demands concentration on what you are doing. Thus it has improved my concentration power. Another thing I realized is that since the total concentration is on the game, the mind is not free to think or worry. Perhaps this is the reason that one feels relaxed after playing the game, as during the period one is engaged in the game, the mind is free of anxieties. Concentration on the game being played has another advantage. The mind has no time to think whether I will win or lose. One just plays. This means the work is done without thinking of the results. If the mind if diverted even for a second, we can make a mistake in striking, thereby spoiling the game. The game has also helped me gain confidence in talking and interacting with others. I used to be very shy but since I have started taking lessons, we have to mix with others and play together. This game promotes interpersonal relations and it has helped me develop confidence in my abilities. I did not know that I possess certain abilities such as the ability to get along with others. Now, I look forward to playing Table Tennis as it is a great leisure activity. However, it demands stamina, strength and one has to be agile. To undertake even the training lessons, one needs strength because the different strokes that one has to play is like a workout where all the limbs receive full exercise. Another major advantage with Table Tennis is that it is an indoor game and one can play whenever one wants. It is not dependent on the weather and all it requires is just another partner. In fact, to train and learn, one can even play alone. I have been so motivated by the numerous benefits of the game and fascinated by the game itself

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Module 7 DQ 1 and 2 - Article Example The medical staff feels that the technical aspects of EHR and following laws take away from their time treating patients. The HIT manager therefore takes that burden away from them and by doing his or her job; the clinical people can be free to concentrate on their main concern, the patient. Goetz et al (2013) published a survey in The American Journal of Managed Care in which she states under HIT, communication is the main benefit and that the physician’s records are more organized. As business people also, the medical personnel feel that the greatest challenge is the increased cost of the equipment and people required for implementation. The Journal of AHIMA (2013) has published a list of those items absolutely essential for good strategy planning. For one thing, the article states that IT should be involved in all facets of the brainstorming. Another is that the involvement and representation from all levels in the facility (all stakeholders) is likewise necessary for the plans to succeed. In the ongoing controversy between top down and bottom up philosophy in deploying a healthcare IT system, IBM has put together a white paper concerning the advantages and disadvantages of both (2005). Although almost eight years is an eternity in information technology, the points brought out are still very much relevant. The bottom up approach offers more clinical saturation early on. As initial costs are lower, benefits are realized much sooner, material and otherwise. As well, password security is managed better. Yet the main disadvantage is that later changes to the system are not necessarily very easily accomplished. Therefore, it can be said that top down is a mirror image of the bottom up method. Although initial costs are much greater, its main advantage is that the entire facility is not disrupted during the implementation process. Because of the higher costs, it will take a longer period to realize a payback. In addition, custom

National Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Park - Essay Example The recent geological fossils discovery inclusive of 11,000 years sloth bones maintains the treasured specialty in the caves of Grand Canyon. Lots of animal tracks and marine fossils are eminent in the rock layers. The Colorado River resulted to Grand Canyon in its flow path hence unfolding more unique features both physically and geologically (Hall 56). The geological formations in this canyon contain precious minerals and metals that hold large historical information on earth formations. The main geological features clearly seen in Grand Canyon are the unique and complete sequence of rocks. There are over 40 layers of sedimentary rocks that are fully exposed in the Canyon. The park dates back between 200 million to 2 billion years ago. Most of these rocks were deposited in shallow and warm seas in North America. Another important geological feature is terrestrial and marine sediments in Grand Canyon (Abbott and Cook 158). Fossilized dunes believed to have an origin from an extinct desert other unconformities are also present in Grand Canyon area. A number of theoretical assumptions come into play when it comes to the formation of canyon geological features like rocks. Climate change, volcanism and continental drift serve as some of the scientific proofs towards formation of rocks. The erosive nature of Colorado River and the wind have resulted to exposure of the sedimentary rocks over a certain period. The reaction of the land to weather conditions over a long period with continuous living of plant and animals is the key behind fossils (Dowling and Newsome 162). The selection of the park is due to the unique feature and wide scope of geological features in the Canyon (Hall 56). Words cannot fully comprehend the speculations about this park hence it worth a visit. In accordance to the experience, there is a lot to see and learn about this spectacular geological ground. Depending on specified time of visit,

Personal statement for applying graduate school in MS in Information

For applying graduate school in MS in Information system - Personal Statement Example They have raised their kids with strong perseverance. Like them, I am also very hard working, and intend to train myself in various skills, like leadership, communication, management, and organization. I have always been a very good student getting positions and certificates. My teachers and professors always considered me a student worthy of reward. I feel that I have enough knowledge and passion to show that I have a craze about going ahead in the information systems, and contribute to the tech market. To maintain my interest, I keep myself updated with market requirements. I have always thought about bringing my knowledge into use that I gained during my college. I keep on reading related journals, books and magazines, and attend related seminars held in my vicinity. I feel that I possess those special skills needed to fulfill the requirements for this course. I have always come up fresh, innovative and unique ideas. I have learnt basic computer knowledge so as to equip myself wit h the latest technology that may help me in excelling in this course. For example, I am proficient in Microsoft Access, Excel, PowerPoint, HTML, CSS, Python and JES. This enthusiasm is what pulls me to take do MSIS. I would also like to discuss my educational background, experience and personal interests. I completed Bachelor of Science in Business from the Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, Bloomington, IN, in December 2013, with GPA 2.92/4.00. I took Finance as my major, and have remained a member of national society of collegiate scholars. I have also worked in the Food Service Department in Gresham Food Count-Bloomington, IN, in 2012. That was an overwhelming experience for me as I learnt how to be practical in life. I have also served as a tutor in Ouhai middle school, Wenzhou, Zhejiang in 2009. I have also a passion for sports. I have remained a great basketball player in Ouhai middle school basketball match from September 2009 to

How is wells fargo make money Essay Example for Free

How is wells fargo make money Essay Wells Fargo Company is a diversified financial services company providing banking, insurance, investments, mortgage and consumer finance for more than 23 million customers through 6,100 stores, the internet and other distribution channels across North America and elsewhere internationally. Headquartered in San Francisco, but were decentralized so every local Wells Fargo store is a headquarters for satisfying all customers financial needs and helping them succeeds financially. Wells Fargo has $483 billion in assets and 167,000 total team members across 80+ businesses. They are one of the United States top-40 largest private employers; ranked fifth in assets and fourth in market value of stock among their peers as of September 30, 2006 (Wells Fargo’s home page). Wells Fargo’s goal, however, is not to be the biggest, but to be the best. Wells Fargo’s website set forth its vision, which is â€Å"to satisfy all our customers financial needs and help them succeed financially. We want to be recognized as one of Americas great companies and the premier provider of financial services in every one of our markets, number one, second to none. † Loomis (17) states that Wells Fargo’s strategic initiatives include; increase the contribution to banking earnings from investments, trust, brokerage and insurance from 15 percent to 25 percent. Going for â€Å"gr-eight† Increase the number of products their consumer and business customers have with them to eight products per customer. Doing it right for the customer 100% bank-mortgage/home equity cross-sell all mortgage and home equity customers in banking states to bank with Wells Fargo and want all their banking customers who need a mortgage or a home equity loan to get it through Wells Fargo. Wells Fargo cards in every wallet; When, where and how Integrate all delivery channels stores, ATMs, Wells Fargo Phone Banksm, their online banking site, direct mail, interactive video—to match them with when, where and how their customers want to be served. â€Å"Information-based† marketing Use technology to take full advantage; offer the right product to the right customer at the right time at every point of customer contact. Be the customers’ payments processor. Premier customers Attract more and keep all existing premier customers and increase their numbers; and People as a Competitive Advantage- Continue to develop reward and recognize all team members. In 1852 Henry Wells and William Fargo founded Wells, Fargo Co. to serve the West. The new company offered banking (buying gold, and selling paper bank drafts as good as gold) and express (rapid delivery of the gold and anything else valuable). Wells Fargo opened for business in the gold rush port of San Francisco, and soon Wells Fargo’s agents opened offices in the other new cities and mining camps of the West. In the boom and bust economy of the 1850s, According to Hungerford, Wells Fargo earned a reputation of trust by dealing rapidly and responsibly with people’s money. In the 1860s, it earned everlasting fame and its corporate symbol with the grand adventure of the overland stagecoach line (99). Wells Fargo sent its business by the fastest means possible: stagecoach, steamship, railroad, pony rider or telegraph. In 1858, Wells Fargo helped start the Overland Mail Company the famed â€Å"Butterfield Line† to meet the demand for speedy communications across the west. In 1861, Wells Fargo also took over operations of the western leg of the famed, but short-lived, Pony Express (Scheele 250). In 1866, Wells Fargo combined all the major western stage lines. Stagecoaches bearing the name Wells, Fargo Co. rolled over 3,000 miles of territory, from California to Nebraska, and from Colorado into the mining regions of Montana and Idaho. After the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, Wells Fargo increasingly rode the rails. In 1888, after expanding along the new steel network across the Northeast into New York, Wells Fargo became the country’s first nationwide express company. It adopted the motto â€Å"Ocean-to-Ocean† to describe its service that connected over 2,500 communities in 25 states, and â€Å"Over-the-Seas† to highlight its lines linking America’s increasingly global economy. Wells Fargo rushed customers’ business from the urban centers of New York and New Jersey, through the rail hub of Chicago and farming regions of the Midwest, to ranching and mining centers in Texas and Arizona, and to lumber mill towns in the Pacific Northwest. Wells Fargo agents in towns large and small offered basic financial services like money orders, travelers’ checks, and transfer of funds by telegraph. Always, though, wherever there was mining, from Alaska to Arizona, Wells Fargo guarded the gold. By 1910 the Company’s network linked 6,000 locations, including new offices in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It was in these towns that the famed â€Å"Wells Fargo Wagon† delivered goods of all sorts, from a grey mackinaw to some grapefruit from Tampa, as the song from the Music Man goes (Hungerford 97). By 1918 Wells Fargo was part of 10,000 communities across the country. That year, however, the federal government took over the nation’s express network as part of its effort in the First World War. Wells Fargo was left with just one bank in San Francisco. Wells Fargo Co’s Bank, San Francisco (as it was called since 1852), formally separated in 1905 from Wells Fargo Co Express. The bank then survived the disaster of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire. Bank president I. W. Hellman telegraphed, â€Å"Building Destroyed, Vault Intact, and Credit Unaffected. † From that confident note, Wells Fargo began rebuilding its banking business across the West. In the 1910s and ’20s Wells Fargo served as a commercial bank in San Francisco, supporting the West’s growing business and agriculture, including fledgling auto, aerospace and film industries. The Wells Fargo Stagecoach became a regular actor in Hollywood westerns. Loomis (18) agreed that sound management helped the bank weather the Great Depression, serve the nation during World War II, and positioned the bank to meet new consumer banking needs in the prosperous post-war era. Through the 20th Century Wells Fargo rebuilt from just one office in San Francisco. From 1905 to 1923 it was a premier downtown San Francisco institution. Expanding in 1923 to two marbled banking halls, Wells Fargo was a â€Å"banker’s bank† that served the entire west. In 1960s prosperity, Wells Fargo became a northern California regional bank with branch offices everywhere people lived and played, from the coast to the mountains. In the 1980s Wells Fargo expanded into a state-wide bank and became the seventh largest bank in the nation and launched its online service (Wells Fargo home page). In the 1990s Wells Fargo returned to its historic territory throughout the Western, Midwestern and Eastern states. Today in the 21st Century, with extensive and diversified financial services, the Wells Fargo name once again extends â€Å"Ocean-to-Ocean,† â€Å"Over-the-Seas,† and, of course, On-Line. The famous image of the stagecoach and the reputation of the name saw Wells Fargo well through the mighty events and fantastic growth of the 20th Century. In prosperity, depression and war, even greater post-war prosperity, social changes and ever faster communications technologies, Wells Fargo’s attention to customers’ business has seen it through these great events and brought success. WORK CITED Hungerford, Edward. Wells Fargo: Advancing the American Frontier. New York: Random House, 1949. Loomis, Noel M. Wells Fargo. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1968. 17-18. Scheele, Carl H. A Short History of the Mail Service. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1970. 250. Wells Fargo. Home page. 2006. 23 Nov. 2006 https://www. wellsfargo. com/about/history/adventure/modern_times.

Reincarnation And Its Psychological Effect On Children Psychology Essay

Reincarnation And Its Psychological Effect On Children Psychology Essay Reincarnation is becoming more and more popular through time it is a broad and interesting debate to discuss and shed light on. Everyone may know a little about reincarnation, but few understand the complexities and how it actually works. Now you can find out how reincarnation really affects us. Reincarnation  is a concept which is common to many religious beliefs and spiritual practices. According to the theory of  reincarnation, when  people  die, some part of themselves lives on in another person. After understanding the meaning of reincarnation and after believing in its existence there is an important hide side in it which interested me to talk about( S.E. Smith 2003) . This research will help us understand how it is important for the parents and the individuals to know the direct and indirect effect of reincarnation on their psychological side. Reincarnation is the belief that a part of our consciousness will continue living after the death of the physical body and will be re-born into a new body here on Earth. The belief of reincarnation is widespread, in fact almost universal in the East, but it has never been that popular in the West. For many people the idea of life after death is very comforting because it lessens their grief and removes their fear of annihilation (Esoteric Science lee bladom 2006). Reincarnation and its psychological effect 3 For others it is a subject that is never contemplated because ignorance is bliss. But whether we believe in it or not, the fact remains that life after death is a certainty because life cannot be extinguished. Problem statement Based on my own experience in reincarnation I became interested in childrens past life memories because when I was young i had memories of other lifetimes I remember parts of previous lives as if they were yesterday . Due to my experience and researches I did, I found three main problems that reincarnated children pass through. One of them is the crash and the illusion that the children pass through in their current life and that is the result of the destruct that happens in their personality since they find it so hard to accept their current parents . Second problem Is the ignorance of the parents due to the lack of knowledge about how it is important to understand and work on their children psychological and believing in what they are passing through. Reincarnation and its psychological effect 4 Third problem is when something that happened to someone in a previous life, has created a phobia in this current life. For the above stated problems, there is a need to find a solution and to make the parents aware from what their children is passing through. Research questions: The following research questions are used to guide the research process: How can events or memories from a past life affect people/children in their current life? How should parents deal with reincarnation if it happens to their children? How do reincarnate people differ from un reincarnate people? Hypothesis: Reincarnation has serious psychological effects on childrens current and future life? Reincarnation and its psychological effect 5 Definitions: The terms that are recurrent in this research includes reincarnation, phobia, ignorance, psychological effect and after death. Reincarnation: The word  reincarnation  derives from the Latin term meaning the re-entering of the flesh.It means the Rebirth of the soul in another body(The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language).Other define reincarnation that there a distinction between reincarnation in the New Age movement and the doctrines that come out of Eastern religions such as Buddhism or Hinduism. While the Western idea of reincarnation, or transmigration of souls, borrows heavily from these two Eastern religions it is cycle of birth, death and rebirth. This differs from the New Age conception of reincarnation because often times in the New Age movement there is no concept of evil or immorality (Chandler 264; Pham 6). Phobia: Social phobia is an anxiety disorder that is accessible to two forms of treatment yielding scientifically validated results: drugs and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Graded exposure to feared social situations is fundamental to obtain an improvement of the anxious symptoms( Jesse Fox, Sun Joo Ahn Oct 2012: 255-271).moreover (Murray stein issued in September)define phobia that is degree of anxiety and stress throughout their lifetimes. Also its is lack of social skills or motivation to improve their interpersonal relationship. Ignorance:   ignorance and uncertainty are usually unwelcome feelings and it is the condition of being uneducated, unaware, or uninformed(The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the Reincarnation and its psychological effect 6 English Language).according to Writer (Thomas Pynchon 2001)Ignorance is not just a blank space on a persons mental map. Psychological effect: Due to the world English dictionary defines psychological as pertaining  to  the  mind  or  to  mental  phenomena  as  the  subject  matter  of  psychology,and  pertaining  to,  dealing  with,  or  affecting  the  mind,  especially  as  a  function  of  awareness,  feeling,  ormotivation:  psychological  play;  psychological  effect. While (  John B. Watson) defines it as Psychology  is an academic and  applied discipline  that involves the  scientific study  of  mental functions  and  behaviors. Literature review: There is a high agreement that reincarnation effects children psychologically, since Past-life memories effects present life in both aspects positive and negative. Positive past experiences can help people to have extra exercises and to be more wise since they lived before. And with respect to the Negative past experiences can lead to aversions and phobias that effect current and future life. Reincarnation and its psychological effect 7 So how much do our past lives affect our current lives?( Josef head) came up in discussion that, something that happened to someone in a previous life, has created a phobia in this current life. this means that pervious life affects children future and current life by building his personality on the phobia that is created and caused by previously experienced and has been carried to our currents lives. For example it could be someone who is fearful of water may have been a drowned sailor in another life and so on. Moon Goddess  on May 31, 2011 at 11:13pm in  Daily Banter posted that he truly feel that he have been here before, at least once. They could not tell us who or what they was previously but he feels that he lived before where it effects him in his current life, Because he is afraid of heights, mildly  claustrophobic, and afraid of particular spiders snakes. Nothing happened in this life to instigate these fears, but they are still there. In addition to all the discussions and points of view( Rules of the House #25e) says that previous life holds through over fears -and said that previous life effects our present and future life psychological by creating for children a social disease called phobia. Moreover they posted If you are terrified by fear to the point you worry about being burned, you have phobia. This Reincarnation and its psychological effect 8 means that you are affected by your past live negatively since you fear fire without ever having experienced it in this life, you have most likely died by fire in past lives. Moreover, as the published author of Hidden Treasures from Past Lives, Barbara explores the ways in which past lives impact our current lives and how to heal the effects. Although the majority of Americans also believes that they have lived past lives, and they are studying how can reincarnation may affects their present life time. Many psychologists and psychiatrists are studying the influence of past lives on their clients such as Barbara has studied their work as well as counseled her own clients in this field. It is Barbaras belief and experience about previous life that is affecting our thoughts, beliefs and the way we behave. And these leftovers from other lifetimes are what may be called legacies. (Barbara k.folts 2010) proposes about the clues that it may be experiencing a legacy right now and about the problems that exists for any reason in our current life. Some possible examples of legacies that Barbara listed are: Abandonment in a past life which leads to hypersensitivity to people leaving you in this lifetime Betrayal in a past life which now appears as a difficulty in your trusting others. Sexual abuse in a past life which leaves you with a legacy of sexual dysfunction in the current lifetime. Being smothered or trapped in a tight space in a past life causing you claustrophobia now Reincarnation and its psychological effect 9 An unexplained symptom, physical, mental, or emotional, that is out of context within your general life A legacy can become part of your personality, the stimulus for your behavior. other researches criticize about reincarnation and past lives such as( Joseph M. Higgins and Chuck Bergman ) that posted the effect of reincarnation is positive since you gain as much experience as possible and u will be able to have many opportunities. In addition that you will be better prepared for that encounter due to the wisdom and experience youve gained. While Dr. Jim disagreed with them since he posted that reincarnate people pass through many negative effects such as destruction in their personality and this will take work and time. Moreover it will be hard for them to continue since they get tired of the journey and that they have to continue until the journey ends. Perhaps the strongest and best documented evidence in support of reincarnation comes from the work of the late Dr. Ian Stevenson (1918-2007), a Virginia psychiatrist of impeccable credentials, who began studying cases about past life memories ,he studies about 3000 cases and all of them are children that are between 4 and 10 years who were able to talk about past lives and all the actions that happens with them in their past lives even they remember the date they Reincarnation and its psychological effect 10 die and the villages they lived in. Additionally, many of the children Stevenson studied could remember how they had died in their previous life providing details Methodology: The current research involves both qualitative and quantative methods since the data collection procedure are based on a questionnaire and an interview. Questionnaire: The first method of data collection is a questionnaire including seven questions which range between yes/no questions and open ended ones. The purpose of these questions is to collect data about the psychological effect of reincarnation on children in their current and future life. It is going to be distributed and administer by the researches herself. Sample investigated includes 30 people from the Shouf area (the sample is random chosen). Reincarnation and its psychological effect 11 Interview: The interview is going to be conducted with two known exerted in field of psychology it includes (3 to 4 questions) about the topic (effect of reincarnation on children current and future life) and their point of view . Conclusion: As a result I strongly believe that reincarnation has a direct effect on children current and future life since it involves in them the feelings of punishment and abandonment as well as their personality will be built on Remnants of mass and on past memories. So here is the parents role to fix and help their children come over their problem.